THE ROLE OF NURSING IN THE EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by early alterations in socialization, communication, and behavior, demanding specialized attention from the first signs. This study aimed to analyze the role of nursing in the early identification of ASD in primary health care, highlighting the importance of monitoring child development and supporting families. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted in six stages: definition of the theme, formulation of the guiding question, delimitation of descriptors, selection of databases (SciELO, LILACS, and BVS), establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria (articles in Portuguese, available in full, between 2020 and 2025), critical reading, and analysis of the selected studies. The descriptors Autism, Nursing, Diagnosis, and Primary Health Care were used, employing the Boolean operator “AND”. Results and Discussion: Eight national and international studies were included, addressing nurses' knowledge and preparation, use of screening instruments, clinical challenges, and training strategies. The results showed that the nurse's role is essential for the early detection of signs of ASD, allowing for rapid interventions, appropriate referrals, and support for families, thus favoring the biopsychosocial development of the child. Early identification depends on careful observation of child behavior, the use of standardized instruments, and active education for family members, strengthening multidisciplinary integration. Conclusion: Nursing plays a strategic role in primary care, promoting early diagnoses, better quality of life for the child, and continuous support for the family, reinforcing the need for specialized training and ongoing capacity-building policies.