CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA: EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND CLINICAL APPLICABILITY

Abstract

Systemic scleroderma is a rare and complex autoimmune disease characterized by vascular alterations, chronic inflammation, and progressive fibrosis of multiple organs. This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic applicability of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of systemic scleroderma, exploring its clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, pharmacological mechanisms, and key concerns in drug management. This is an integrative literature review conducted in the BVS, SciELO, and PubMed databases, using descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with articles published in the last ten years. The results showed that cyclophosphamide is effective in stabilizing the disease, especially in cases of interstitial lung involvement and diffuse forms, although it is associated with significant adverse effects, such as renal, cardiac, and urological toxicities. The importance of strict clinical monitoring and well-defined therapeutic protocols is emphasized to reduce risks and optimize treatment benefits. Thus, this study contributes to clinical practice by providing theoretical support for decision-making and for future research aimed at developing safer and more individualized therapeutic strategies.