CONTEMPORARY STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING POSTOPERATIVE PAIN: ADVANCES IN MULTIMODAL ANALGESIA IN MEDIUM-SIZED SURGERIES

Abstract

Postoperative pain remains a major challenge in anesthetic practice and directly affects recovery time and patient satisfaction. Multimodal analgesia has emerged as an effective approach, combining different drugs and techniques with complementary mechanisms to reduce opioid consumption and minimize adverse effects. This article reviews the main contemporary multimodal analgesia strategies in medium-sized surgeries, including local anesthetics, anti-inflammatory agents, peripheral nerve blocks, and pharmacological adjuvants. Clinical benefits, limitations, and evidence-based recommendations are discussed, highlighting the importance of individualized and multidisciplinary protocols in acute pain management.