EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL HEALTH AND SYSTEMIC HEALTH: FOCUS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Abstract

Periodontal and cardiovascular diseases are significant public health problems, characterized by high prevalence and impact on global morbidity and mortality. Recent studies indicate shared pathophysiological mechanisms between both, involving systemic inflammation, hematogenous dissemination of pathogens, and metabolic alterations. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between advanced periodontitis and cardiovascular risk, emphasizing common molecular pathways and potential clinical repercussions. To this end, a methodology based on case reports was adopted, including patients diagnosed with stage III/IV periodontitis and cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical periodontal examinations, serum inflammatory biomarker measurements (IL-1β, MMP-9, and osteopontin), and carotid Doppler ultrasound (carotid intima-media thickness) were performed. The results showed significant clinical improvement after non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reduced probing depth, gingival bleeding, and clinical attachment loss, associated with decreased serum inflammatory biomarker levels. A slight reduction in carotid intima-media thickness was also observed, suggesting vascular benefits resulting from periodontal inflammation control. Smokers showed a less significant clinical and laboratory response, reinforcing the role of smoking as an aggravating factor. It is concluded that periodontitis represents a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with periodontal treatment being relevant for reducing systemic inflammation and potentially mitigating cardiovascular risk. These findings highlight the importance of interdisciplinary strategies integrating dentistry and cardiology to promote systemic health.