LEGAL ASPECTS OF ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY: INFORMED CONSENT AND PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY

Abstract

Introduction: In orthognathic surgery, informed consent must be clear, personalized, and continuous, aiming to protect the patient's autonomy and the professional's responsibility. The growing judicialization and the influence of social media make ethical communication and realistic management of expectations essential. Interdisciplinary action and investment in legal updates are crucial to minimize legal risks and ensure safe and humane practice. Objective: The aim was to review the literature on the legal aspects of orthognathic surgery, focusing on informed consent and professional responsibility. The goal was to analyze the legal approach to these issues in clinical practice, highlighting the ethical and legal importance of protecting patients' rights and ensuring safety for professionals. Methodology: The research was conducted in the SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS databases (2020-2025), using the descriptors "Orthognathic Surgery," "Informed Consent," "Professional Responsibility," "Legal Aspects," and "Dental Ethics," refined with the connectors "AND" and "E" for a more precise and rigorous search. Results: The search in the SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS databases (2020-2025) showed that orthognathic surgery requires strong attention to informed consent and professional responsibility. The studies reinforce that clear communication, proper documentation, and ethical practice are essential to protect patients' rights and reduce legal risks for professionals. Discussion: The studies show that clear communication and informed consent are essential in orthognathic surgery, preventing lawsuits even without technical errors. The high expectations of patients, especially in aesthetic procedures, can lead to legal actions. A multidisciplinary approach and careful management of expectations, including the influence of social media, are fundamental to ensuring legal safety and treatment success. Final Considerations: Orthognathic surgery requires the dentist to adopt an ethical and preventive stance, emphasizing informed consent as a tool for respecting the patient and legal protection. Continuous training and improvement of communication skills are essential to ensure safe, ethical, and legally sound dental practice.