CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN DIGITAL ANONYMITY: CHALLENGES OF INVESTIGATION AND EVIDENCE UNDER LAW NO. 14,811/2024

Abstract

This scientific article aimed to analyze the main challenges faced by Brazilian authorities in the criminal liability of offenses committed under digital anonymity, in light of Law No. 14,811/2024. The research followed a deductive method, using doctrinal material, constitutional and infra-constitutional legislation, national jurisprudence, academic articles, monographs, and technical documents. The study addressed legal constraints imposed by the Brazilian Internet Civil Framework, the General Data Protection Law, and the Federal Constitution, as well as technical barriers to the production of digital evidence and the role of online platforms. It also explored proposals for legislative reform, investment in forensic technology, conflict mediation, and digital education as measures for improvement. The analysis showed that, although the legislation has progressed, the effectiveness of criminal liability still depends on normative, operational, and institutional adjustments.