NEPHROLITHIASIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis, a condition characterized by the formation of stones in the urinary system, represents a global health problem with increasing prevalence and significant morbidity. The complex interaction of genetic, environmental and metabolic factors contributes to its multifaceted etiopathogenesis. Accurate diagnosis, based on clinical evaluation, imaging tests and laboratory analysis of stone composition, is crucial to guide the individualized therapeutic approach. Treatment strategies range from conservative management for small stones to minimally invasive and surgical interventions for more complex cases. A thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and current therapeutic options is essential to optimize clinical management and prevent recurrences, positively impacting the quality of life of affected patients.