LEGAL ASPECTS RELATED TO OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE AND THE LIMITS OF FEMALE AUTONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF HOSPITAL BIRTH IN BRAZIL

Abstract

Obstetric violence (OV) encompasses disrespectful and dehumanizing practices during childbirth, including medical interventions without informed consent, verbal and physical aggression, and denial of adequate pain relief. The general objective of this study is to analyze the legal aspects related to obstetric violence and its relationship with female autonomy. Specifically, it seeks to compare the concept of obstetric violence in light of international guidelines, investigate the profile of women most susceptible to this type of violence, and describe the main psychological consequences resulting from these abusive practices. In the Brazilian legal context, although there are legal provisions that aim to guarantee the physical and emotional integrity of women, the lack of specific regulations for obstetric violence results in gaps that hinder the accountability of health professionals and the full guarantee of female autonomy during childbirth. The methodology used is descriptive and explanatory in nature, based on bibliographic research and critical analysis of national and international legislation, doctrines, case law, and guidelines from health agencies. In light of these findings, it is concluded that the effective eradication of obstetric violence requires integrated efforts between the State, civil society and health institutions, in order to strengthen legal protection mechanisms and ensure humane and respectful care for women in labor. Continuing research and improving public policies are essential to ensure that childbirth is a moment of dignity, respect and autonomy for all women.