ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: EVOLUTION OF THERAPEUTIC APPROACH

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an acute medical event that occurs when there is a disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, resulting in damage to the cardiac tissue. It is worth noting that the therapeutic approach to AMI has evolved over the last decades, with the aim of improving survival and reducing complications. Objective: To analyze through the literature the use of beta-adrenergic blockers therapy in patients after AMI and its benefits. Methodology: This is an integrative review study that aims to synthesize knowledge, based on the applicability of significant study results to practice. The research question was: What drug therapies are currently used and what is the efficacy of each of them? The search was conducted in the Virtual Health Library (BVS) in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) databases, and also on the Scientific Electronic Library online (SciELO) portal using the descriptors and keywords associated with the boolean operators: Beta-adrenergic antagonists, Myocardial infarction, Duration of therapy. Inclusion criteria were selected as: complete scientific articles available online, published in Portuguese, Spanish and English languages, between the years 2019 to 2023, in order to identify the evidence of the topic in question. Results: Ten articles were selected for discussion of the theme. Final considerations: It is concluded that despite the significant advances in invasive and pharmacological therapy in the treatment of AMI, it is important to highlight that primary prevention, with the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, is still the best way to prevent the disease. Adopting a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and quitting smoking are important measures for the prevention of AMI.