CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN BEHÇET'S SYNDROME

Abstract

Behçet's syndrome is a multisystem inflammatory disease that challenges clinical practice due to the complexity of its manifestations and the absence of a single etiological factor. Although its cause remains unknown, it is believed that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors leads to a dysregulated immune response, particularly in populations along the ancient Silk Road, though cases have been identified worldwide. It is characterized by diverse symptoms, including recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, neurological involvement, and vascular manifestations, which make diagnosis difficult and often delayed.In recent years, advances in treatment have been achieved, guided by recommendations such as those from EULAR, which advocate the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants for managing severe inflammation. In refractory cases, biological agents like infliximab have proven effective, especially in ocular and vascular involvement, which are high-risk areas for complications such as vision loss and thromboembolic events. These advances not only optimize inflammatory control but also reduce the long-term impact of complications.Given the wide range of manifestations, the condition requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving teams from rheumatology, ophthalmology, neurology, and dermatology to provide comprehensive patient care. This article critically reviews therapeutic approaches and the challenges faced in clinical management, emphasizing the importance of individualized and up-to-date treatment based on the latest advances in immunobiological therapies, which are essential for more effective and targeted care.