LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES OF ADULTS (LADA): A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This literature review gathered medical books and articles published preferably in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese in the last five years in the PUBMED and SciELO databases with the main objective of reviewing latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), indicating its diagnosis, treatment, and its main complications. LADA is a form of diabetes that shares characteristics of types 1 and 2. It presents in adults with autoimmunity, but can initially be confused with type 2 diabetes. LADA is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of LADA. Diagnosis involves detection of autoantibodies, such as GADA, and assessment of beta cell function. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, oral medications, and insulin therapy when necessary. Management of LADA aims to preserve beta cell function, control blood glucose levels, and prevent complications. Research continues to explore new therapies, such as immunotherapies, to slow the progression of the disease. Although LADA presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, early recognition and appropriate management can significantly improve patient outcomes.