SKIN CANCER IN BRAZIL: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF ITS CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE

Abstract

Introduction: In Brazil, skin cancer is the most common form of malignant neoplasia. The main risk factor related to the emergence of malignant skin neoplasia is UV radiation. Photoprotection plays an essential role in the prevention of skin cancer. Objective: to explore the different types of skin cancer, their causes, clinical profiles, diagnosis and treatment. Methodology: literature review based on databases of scientific articles to perform searches: PUBMED and SCIELO, LILACS and Virtual Health Library. Result: Skin cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the one with the highest incidence in Brazil. It is a pathology with high and increasing incidence, whose etiology is multifactorial and involves socio-environmental and lifestyle factors, in addition to genetic alterations. Melanoma skin cancer is the least frequent among all skin cancers, given its worse prognosis and higher mortality rate. The use of sunscreens is the main measure of protection against skin cancer. Therefore, improper use can result in skin damage and question the effectiveness of the product. Conclusion: Given the pathophysiology of skin cancer and its high incidence in Brazil, it is important to understand the physical and biological characteristics of the patient, in addition to the place where he or she lives. Health education is essential to reduce the incidence rates of skin cancer, such as limiting sun exposure and photoprotection.