COMPARISON OF ECC AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PREGNANCY IN IATF PROTOCOL IN COWS – LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Artificial insemination (AI), especially Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI), has established itself as an essential technology in cattle production, promoting genetic improvement and increasing producers' profitability. FTAI allows the synchronization of estrus and ovulation, optimizing reproductive management and concentrating inseminations and births in specific periods, which improves the interval between births. Its effectiveness depends on in-depth knowledge of the reproductive physiology of females and the hormonal protocols used, which must be adjusted to the needs of the herd and the economic viability of the property. In addition to increasing reproductive efficiency, the technique contributes to animal welfare, makes management more sustainable and strengthens the competitiveness of the sector, being increasingly relevant to meet the growing demand for products of animal origin.