EFFECTS OF HORMONE THERAPY ON MENOPAUSE: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF RISKS AND BENEFITS

Abstract

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is widely used to manage vasomotor symptoms and prevent diseases associated with bone loss in women during menopause. However, its use is accompanied by potential risks, including increased incidence of breast cancer, cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism, especially in prolonged treatments. This integrative review aimed to critically analyze the evidence on the risks and benefits of MHT, considering variables such as age of initiation, type of hormone, route of administration and duration of treatment. The analysis of the studies revealed that MHT can offer important benefits, such as relief of menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporotic fractures, particularly when initiated early. On the other hand, the risks increase in older women or in those with comorbidities. It is concluded that MHT should be administered in a personalized manner, with continuous monitoring and careful assessment of the risk-benefit profiles for each patient. The decision to use MHT should be based on updated evidence and aligned with the individual needs and preferences of women.