IMPACT OF DIET ON THE COGNITIVE AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF ELDERLY PEOPLE: STRATEGIES THAT CAN PREVENT MENTAL DECLINE

Abstract

The health of the elderly is a topic of increasing relevance in societies facing increasing life expectancy. Understanding the factors that influence well-being at this stage of life is crucial, especially with regard to nutrition. This article sought to investigate how foods influence the cognitive and physical health of older people, emphasizing strategies to prevent mental deterioration and the negative effects of consumed foods. The methodology used consisted of a bibliographical review of recent studies on nutrition and health of the elderly, exploring the relationships between different dietary patterns and the maintenance of cognitive and physical functions. The main results of the review revealed that diets rich in fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains are associated with improved memory, attention and processing speed, in addition to contributing to the maintenance of physical health, preventing chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. In contrast, diets high in processed foods, sugars and saturated fats have been linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline, dementia and other health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. It is concluded that promoting healthy eating habits is essential for maintaining the cognitive and physical health of the elderly. The implementation of public policies and nutritional education programs aimed at this population, as well as the involvement of health professionals in nutritional guidance, are essential to prevent the negative impacts of inadequate nutrition.