OPHTHALMOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH MARFAN SYNDROME: SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RETINAL DETACHMENT

Abstract

Introduction: Marfan syndrome is a genetic connective tissue condition that manifests itself in several body systems, including the eye. Among the most severe ophthalmological complications of this syndrome, retinal detachment stands out, which can result in significant vision loss. Ocular vulnerability in patients with Marfan syndrome is related to anatomical and functional alterations, such as high myopia and alterations in the structure of the retina. These factors make these individuals more prone to complications that require complex surgical interventions. Surgical treatment of retinal detachment in patients with Marfan syndrome involves technical challenges, considering the fragility of ocular tissues and the particularities associated with this condition. Objective: To analyze ophthalmological complications, especially retinal detachment, in patients with Marfan syndrome and discuss the most effective surgical approaches. Methodology: The methodology followed the PRISMA checklist, with searches in databases such as PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science. Five descriptors were used: "Marfan syndrome", "retinal detachment", "ophthalmologic complications", "surgical treatment" and "ophthalmologic interventions". The inclusion criteria included articles published in the last 10 years, studies that directly addressed retinal detachment in patients with Marfan syndrome and those that presented surgical results. The exclusion criteria considered non-systematic reviews, studies that did not mention specific ophthalmologic complications and articles with samples of patients not diagnosed with the syndrome. Results: The results indicated that retinal detachment is one of the most worrying complications in patients with Marfan syndrome, frequently associated with high myopia and structural retinal anomalies. The reviewed literature highlighted different surgical techniques, such as vitrectomy and scleral cerclage, with variations in visual outcomes. It was observed that early intervention is crucial to improve visual prognosis. Conclusion: The analysis revealed that ophthalmologic complications, especially retinal detachment in patients with Marfan syndrome, require a careful and well-informed surgical approach. Appropriate interventions can lead to significant improvements in the quality of life of patients, highlighting the importance of rigorous ophthalmologic follow-up and the need for individualized management strategies.