SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES IN NEONATES: EVALUATION OF OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical treatment of congenital heart disease in neonates represents a significant challenge, especially when considering the presence of comorbidities such as Down syndrome. Congenital heart disease is the most common structural anomaly of the heart, affecting a significant proportion of newborns. Neonates with Down syndrome have a higher incidence of these conditions, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to optimize clinical outcomes. The literature indicates that early interventions can substantially improve survival and quality of life of these patients. Objective: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of congenital heart disease in neonates with Down syndrome, highlighting the efficacy and associated complications. Methodology: The research was carried out according to the PRISMA checklist, using the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. Five descriptors were used: Trisomy 21, Survival, Quality of life, Complications and Early intervention. Inclusion criteria included studies published in the last 10 years, focusing on neonates undergoing cardiac surgery and addressing Down syndrome. Exclusion criteria eliminated literature reviews, studies not related to neonates, and articles that did not provide relevant data on clinical outcomes. Results: Early cardiac surgery improved survival in neonates with Down syndrome, although these patients had a higher incidence of postoperative complications. Studies indicated that mortality and morbidity were higher compared to neonates without Down syndrome, highlighting the need for intensive postoperative care and close monitoring. Conclusion: The analysis showed that, despite the additional challenges faced by neonates with Down syndrome, surgical treatment of congenital heart disease can be beneficial. However, it is crucial to consider the particularities of this population to minimize complications.