HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This article aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP), focusing on its genetic etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and current therapeutic strategies. The narrative review was based on articles available in the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed), using the terms “Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis,” “Clinical Diagnosis,” and “Therapeutics.” Eight articles were included, detailing the key genetic mutations associated with HPP, such as CACNA1S and SCN4A, and identifying triggers like carbohydrate intake and post-exercise rest. The reviewed studies also discussed diagnostic tools, including electromyography and genetic testing, as well as potassium and acetazolamide as the main therapeutic interventions. The review concludes that, despite treatment advancements, there is a need to standardize diagnostic criteria and explore new genetic mutations to improve the management of HPP. Future studies should focus on personalized treatments, considering genetic variability and individual patient characteristics.