PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER: CLINICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SURGICAL POSSIBILITIES

Abstract

Introduction: Perforated peptic ulcer is a critical condition that occurs when an ulcer in the stomach or duodenum ruptures, leading to leakage of gastric contents into the abdominal cavity. This complication can result in acute peritonitis and a series of complex clinical challenges. The management of perforated peptic ulcer involves a thorough understanding of its adverse effects and surgical strategies for its effective treatment, given the potential for significant severity and mortality. Objective: This systematic literature review aimed to analyze the clinical complications associated with perforated peptic ulcer and the surgical approaches available for its management, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of current practices and outcomes. Methodology: The review followed the PRISMA checklist and was conducted in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. The descriptors used were Gastroenterology, Internal medicine, Emergency medicine, Health, Intra-abdominal abscess. Inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed articles published in the last 10 years, studies focused on perforated peptic ulcer, and research that addressed surgical interventions. Exclusion criteria were: articles not available in full text, studies that did not detail clinical complications, and studies that did not present recent or relevant data. Results: The results indicated that peptic ulcer perforation frequently leads to peritonitis and other serious complications, such as septic shock and abdominal abscesses. Surgical approaches included primary suture and resection techniques, with variations depending on the severity of the perforation and the general condition of the patient. The choice of surgical method was critical for recovery and reduction of subsequent complications. Conclusion: Perforated peptic ulcer represents a medical emergency with potential serious complications that require precise surgical intervention. The review revealed that appropriate surgical techniques are crucial for effective management and reduction of the risk of complications, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to optimize clinical outcomes and promote patient recovery.