LASER REFRACTIVE SURGERY VERSUS PHAKIC LENS IMPLANTATION: A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF RISKS AND BENEFITS

Abstract

Introduction: Laser refractive surgery and phakic lens implantation are two distinct approaches to correcting refractive errors. Laser refractive surgery, such as LASIK and PRK, aims to reshape the cornea to improve vision, while phakic lens implantation involves inserting an artificial lens into the eye to correct refractive problems without altering the cornea. Both techniques have their indications, risks, and benefits, and the choice between them may depend on several factors, including the severity of the refractive error and anatomical characteristics of the eyes. Objective: To compare the risks and benefits of laser refractive surgery with phakic lens implantation, providing a comprehensive view of these two treatment modalities for refractive errors. Methodology: The methodology followed the PRISMA checklist to ensure the integrity and transparency of the review. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases using the following descriptors: Vision correction, Comparison of eye surgeries, Ophthalmologist, Ocular complications and Results. The articles included were published in the last 10 years. Inclusion criteria included direct comparative studies between laser surgery and lens implantation, articles that provided data on the risks and benefits of both techniques, and studies with a minimum sample of 50 patients. Exclusion criteria included articles without direct comparisons between the methods, studies focused exclusively on outdated surgical techniques, and studies with incomplete or unclear data. Results: The analysis revealed that, in terms of efficacy, both methods have a high success rate in correcting refractive errors. Laser surgery showed a shorter recovery time and a lower risk of serious complications, while phakic lens implantation showed greater flexibility in cases of severe refractive errors. Complications associated with lens implantation were generally more severe, but less frequent. Conclusion: Both techniques offer significant benefits in the correction of refractive errors, but the choice between laser refractive surgery and phakic lens implantation should consider individual factors such as the severity of the refractive error and ocular characteristics.