CARDIOVASCULAR SYNDROMES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular syndromes in elderly patients represent a significant public health challenge, given the aging of the global population. With advancing age, the cardiovascular system undergoes several structural and functional changes, increasing susceptibility to conditions such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias. These syndromes can be exacerbated by common comorbidities in the elderly, such as diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. The complexity of the clinical presentation in these patients requires a multifaceted approach to optimize diagnosis and treatment. Objective: The systematic review aimed to analyze the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies of cardiovascular syndromes in elderly patients, with an emphasis on how these conditions affect patient quality of life and survival. Methodology: The methodology was based on the PRISMA guidelines, performing an extensive search in databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science. Five main descriptors were used: Thrombosis, Embolism, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular risk factors, and Comorbidities. The search was restricted to articles published in the last 10 years, prioritizing studies that provided relevant data on the prevalence and management of these syndromes in the elderly. Results: The results indicated that the prevalence of cardiovascular syndromes in the elderly has been increasing, with heart failure and myocardial infarction being the most common. Factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes and sedentary lifestyle were identified as major contributors. Effective management strategies included pharmacological interventions and lifestyle changes, with an emphasis on personalized treatments to improve patients' quality of life. Conclusion: The analysis revealed that cardiovascular syndromes represent a growing concern in the elderly population, with significant implications for public health. Treatment approaches should be tailored to the individual needs of patients, considering the presence of multiple comorbidities and the need for integrated management strategies. Further research is crucial to improve interventions and ensure more effective care for this vulnerable population.