LACTOSE INTOLERANCE AND CELIAC DISEASE: CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND DIETARY MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Introduction: Lactose intolerance and celiac disease are common conditions that affect digestion and nutrient absorption, presenting similar symptoms that can confuse clinical diagnosis. Lactose intolerance results from a deficiency of the enzyme lactase, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea after ingestion of dairy products. On the other hand, celiac disease is an immunological reaction to gluten. Objective: To analyze and compare the clinical diagnosis and dietary management for lactose intolerance and celiac disease, focusing on the most recent approaches and scientific evidence available in the last 10 years. Methodology: The search was conducted following the PRISMA checklist to ensure transparency and quality in the selection and analysis of studies. The PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science databases were used to identify relevant articles published in the last 10 years. A combination of five descriptors was used: "lactose intolerance", "celiac disease", "diagnosis", "dietary management", and "therapeutic approaches". Inclusion criteria were: studies that addressed the diagnosis and treatment of the conditions, peer-reviewed articles, and publications from the last 10 years. Studies that did not directly focus on clinical diagnosis or dietary management, publications prior to this period, and articles that were not available in full were excluded. Results: The analysis revealed that both lactose intolerance and celiac disease require rigorous dietary approaches for effective management. In the case of lactose intolerance, the elimination or reduction of dairy products and the use of exogenous lactase were identified as effective strategies. For celiac disease, strict adherence to a gluten-free diet was emphasized as essential to prevent complications and improve symptoms. Both disorders require accurate diagnosis and ongoing follow-up to ensure the adequacy of dietary interventions. Conclusion: The review showed that, despite the differences in the etiologies and treatments of the conditions, dietary management is crucial for the quality of life of patients. Early diagnosis and adherence to an appropriate diet are essential to control symptoms and prevent complications associated with lactose intolerance and celiac disease.