JUVENILE LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: PEDIATRIC EVALUATION AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Introduction Juvenile lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects young people, presenting a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from cutaneous symptoms to severe systemic involvement. Characterized by the production of antibodies against self-tissues, the disease can result in inflammation and damage to multiple organs. Early diagnosis and effective management are essential to minimize the impact of the disease on the patient's life and prevent long-term complications. A detailed understanding of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies is essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with juvenile lupus erythematosus. Objective: This systematic literature review aimed to analyze and synthesize the available evidence on the diagnosis, treatment and management of juvenile lupus erythematosus, with emphasis on the most recent therapeutic approaches and the management of complications associated with the disease. The review sought to provide a comprehensive overview of current practices and identify gaps in knowledge that could guide future research in the area. Methodology The methodology followed the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews, using the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. Five specific descriptors were used: "juvenile lupus erythematosus", "diagnosis", "treatment", "complications" and "clinical management". The search was restricted to articles published in the last 10 years. Inclusion criteria included studies that addressed diagnosis and treatment of juvenile lupus erythematosus, peer-reviewed articles and relevant clinical research. Exclusion criteria included articles not focused on juvenile lupus, studies with inadequate sample sizes and non-peer-reviewed publications. Results The results revealed that early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic approach are crucial for the effective management of juvenile lupus erythematosus. The review highlighted the fundamental role of standardized diagnostic criteria and specific laboratory tests in the assessment of disease activity. Recent advances have included the use of new immunosuppressive therapies and the development of strategies for the management of serious complications, such as lupus nephritis. Psychosocial support has also been identified as essential to improve adherence to treatment and quality of life of patients. Conclusion The conclusion of the review highlighted that, despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile lupus erythematosus, the disease continues to represent a considerable challenge. Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary and personalized approach, with a focus on continuous monitoring and management of complications. Patient education and psychosocial support are key elements to optimize clinical outcomes and ensure a better quality of life. Advances in research and therapies have improved prognosis, but the need for further studies to address existing gaps remains evident.