INNOVATIONS IN BARIATRIC SURGERY: COMPARISON OF RESTRICTIVE AND MALABSORPTIVE TECHNIQUES IN PATIENTS WITH MORBID OBESITY

Abstract

The global increase in morbid obesity has driven the search for more effective bariatric surgical techniques. This study aims to compare innovations in restrictive and malabsorptive techniques in patients with morbid obesity, focusing on the efficacy, safety and long-term impact of each approach. Recent studies comparing sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding (restrictive techniques) with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and duodenal bypass (malabsorptive techniques) were analyzed. The review revealed that malabsorptive techniques offer more significant weight loss and a greater reduction in obesity-associated comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, compared to restrictive techniques. However, these malabsorptive techniques are associated with an increased risk of nutritional complications. Technological innovations, such as advanced laparoscopy and robotic surgery, have contributed to improvements in surgical outcomes and patient recovery. The choice of surgical technique should be based on an individualized assessment of benefits and risks, with special consideration for postoperative nutritional needs. Future research should continue to explore the personalization of bariatric treatment and the impact of technological innovations on the quality of long-term outcomes.