RISK FACTORS AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE IN CHOLELITHIASIS: A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW

Abstract

This article aims to review the risk factors and surgical techniques associated with the treatment of cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis, characterized by the formation of stones in the gallbladder, is a common condition that can range from asymptomatic to potentially serious. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, hormonal factors and poor eating habits. The review highlights that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred surgical technique due to its faster recovery, less postoperative pain and smaller scars compared to open cholecystectomy. However, open surgery remains relevant for complex cases where laparoscopy is not feasible. Technological advances, such as intraoperative cholangiography and robotic surgery, are improving the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive procedures.