RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART PATHS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

Congenital Heart Diseases are structural malformations of the heart present since birth. Epidemiologically, they are the most prevalent neonatal anomalies and represent a significant challenge in terms of prevention, management, and treatment, as therapies generally require complex interventions and are not always sufficiently effective, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. The main risk factors involved in the genesis of these problems include genetic mutations, maternal and paternal exposure to smoking, alcoholism, drugs and other substances, obesity, maternal diabetes, the use of teratogenic drugs, and gestational infections. Understanding these associations, the focus of this study, is crucial for enabling the implementation of effective preventive measures, reducing the incidence of these diseases, and minimizing their impact on public health.