SURGICAL APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF HEPATIC NEOPLASMS

Abstract

Surgical management in the treatment of hepatic neoplasms is an area of great importance in medical practice, due to the increasing prevalence of these tumors and the need for effective therapeutic approaches. The liver is a vital organ, performing essential functions in metabolism, digestion, and detoxification of the body. Hepatic neoplasms, including hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma, pose a significant challenge due to their complexity and variety of clinical presentations. A comprehensive understanding of surgical management in these situations is crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for patients. Objective: To analyze and synthesize the available evidence on different surgical approaches in the treatment of hepatic neoplasms, including hepatic resection, hepatic arterial embolization, and radiofrequency ablation, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of available therapeutic options and their clinical indications. Methodology: The review was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science databases for articles published in the last 10 years, using the keywords "hepatic neoplasms," "hepatic surgery," "surgical treatment," "hepatic resection," and "radiofrequency ablation." Inclusion criteria were studies addressing different modalities of surgical treatment for hepatic neoplasms in adult and pediatric patients, while exclusion criteria were studies with small samples and case reports. Results: The results of this review highlighted the efficacy of hepatic resection as the standard treatment for localized hepatic neoplasms, with high survival rates in selected patients. Additionally, hepatic arterial embolization and radiofrequency ablation were shown to be promising options for patients with inoperable tumors or those not candidates for hepatic resection. The review also emphasized the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing these patients, involving oncologists, radiologists, and surgeons. Conclusion: Surgical management in the treatment of hepatic neoplasms is a constantly evolving field, with several therapeutic options available for adult and pediatric patients. The surgical approach should be individualized, taking into consideration tumor extent and hepatic function. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to optimize outcomes and ensure the best possible care for patients.