DIABETES MELLITUS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR METABOLIC OPTIMIZATION

Abstract

The complex interaction between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) reflects an intricate network of genetic, metabolic, environmental and behavioral factors. These conditions share a multifactorial etiology, where insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension play crucial roles. Epidemiologically, both DM and CVD represent important public health challenges, with increasing prevalence globally and significant disparities between ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment are essential to mitigate the burden of these interrelated diseases, demanding integrated and multidisciplinary approaches. Recent advances in pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle strategies offer promise for improving clinical outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions.