PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CONGÊNITA CARDIAC DAMAGES IN NEONATES AND INFANTS

Abstract

Research on the prevention and treatment of congenital cardiac diseases in neonates and infants has been a crucial field in child health. The impact of these conditions on early cardiovascular development and long-term quality of life is motivated by efforts to understand preventive and interventional strategies. The complexity of these pathologies requires an open approach that considers genetic, environmental and clinical factors. O Objective: to critically analyze recent studies on the prevention and treatment of congenital cardiac diseases in neonates and infants, aiming to consolidate relevant evidence and identify unknown gaps. Methodology: formats followed PRISMA guidelines, using PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases to select articles published in the last 10 years. Five main descriptors, such as "congenital cardiac diseases", "neonates", "infants", "prevention" and "treatment", are used to refine the search. The criteria of inclusion established considering studies that address preventive and therapeutic interventions in neonates and infants with congenital cardiac diseases, are available in English or Portuguese. Exclusion criteria include non-peer-reviewed articles, case reports, and studies with non-representative samples. Results: significant advances were revealed in preventive strategies, highlighting the importance of early and personalized interventions. Innovative therapies, such as less invasive surgical interventions, are also being explored. The review identified gaps in understanding the genetic and environmental causes, emphasizing the need for future research. Conclusion: The prevention and treatment of congenital cardiac diseases in neonates and infants requires a multifaceted approach, considering recent advances and persistent challenges. This review contributes to the consolidation of current knowledge and offers insights to guide future research and clinical practices in the critical field of pediatrics.