ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION IN BRAZIL AND FLUMINENSE DOWNLOAD

Abstract

Infection with the Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arbovirus in Brazil that became endemic at the end of 2015, arrived in the country in the middle of the 2014 World Cup. The first case of Zika virus in humans was identified in 1952, initially having been identified in monkeys in 1947 in Uganda. The symptoms referred to by Zika virus infection are not specific and can be confused with other febrile illnesses, such as dengue and Chikungunya. The disease has a benign course, and symptoms generally disappear spontaneously after three to seven days. The virus spread in the northeast region and throughout the Americas. Scientific results have contributed to increasing global concern about the virus, since, in addition to transmission through the bite of an infected mosquito, through congenital/vertical transmission, there is also evidence that indicates the significant potential for transmission through sexual contact. The 2015 outbreak was for the first time associated with a higher incidence of a serious neurological disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome. And at the end of the same year, Brazil found itself in another worrying situation, which was the large increase in the number of births of children with microcephaly and other fetal malformations, whose etiology was, until that moment, unknown. What later came to be diagnosed as congenital Zika virus syndrome (SCVZ), transmitted by the same vector as dengue and chicungunya. This led the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a public health emergency. Between 2015 and 2020, most Zika virus episodes occurred in the Northeast and Southeast regions. Rio de Janeiro occupies, followed by the Northeast region, the second position with the highest number of cases, with Baixada Fluminense being the most affected region in the state. Between 2016 and 2021, Rio de Janeiro ruled the reported cases of Zika virus with 94,092 cases, but in 2021 only 188 cases were reported. In 2016, the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, like Brazil, presented the highest notifications of Zika virus in 2016. The crisis was an indication of disparity that exists not only in terms of class, but a variety of other issues linked to the structure of classes. The Zika virus had more impact in the Northeast, in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte, where a greater percentage of the population is poor and climatic conditions are more favorable to the spread of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes than in the South, more rich and less tropical.