HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION AS A TREATMENT FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Sickle cell Anemia (SCA) is a hereditary disease caused by genetic mutations in hemoglobina S (HbS), resulting in the alteration of red blood cells and triggering a series of complications, including painful crises and organ demage due to vaso-oclusion. This study examines SCA, its genotypic manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Early diagnosis is crucial, with laboratory tests such as hemoglobin electrophoresis playing a fundamental role. Treatment includes blood transfusions and drug therapy, with hematopoietic stem cell trasnplantation (HSCT) being the Only curative option. Graft-versus host disease (GVHD), a complication of HSCT, is discussed, along with the importance of communication between healthcare professionals and patients for comprehensive and effective care. This study emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and the pivotal role of healthcare professionals in managing SCA.