EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC ANTIOPHIDE SERUM IN THE TREATMENT OF SNAKE BITES IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Snakebite envenomation in children can lead to serious complications, which makes understanding the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with adverse outcomes crucial. This article aims to review the literature on the topic, summarizing the relevant points, objectives, methodologies, results and final considerations. Objective: to identify the clinical characteristics commonly observed in children with snakebite poisoning and determine the risk factors associated with serious complications, as well as compare the specific serum for snake venom and the non-specific one. Methodology: A comprehensive search of scientific databases was carried out, including articles published in the last decade. Relevant studies focusing on clinical characteristics and risk factors were included for analysis using PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science as databases and as descriptors: “snakebite poisoning, children, clinical characteristics, risk factors and complications”. Results: 9 studies were selected that presented the clinical characteristics observed in children with snakebite poisoning that covered local and systemic manifestations. Local manifestations included pain, swelling, erythema, and ecchymosis at the site of the snake bite. Systemic manifestations included nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, altered mental status, coagulopathy, neurotoxic effects, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Several risk factors have been identified that increase the likelihood of serious complications in children with snakebite envenomation. Regarding the antivenom serum, it was clear that the specific serum should only be used in cases where the species of the snake is unknown. Additionally, prevention strategies and education of children and caregivers play a key role in reducing the incidence and severity of snakebite envenoming. Final considerations: Understanding the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with serious complications in children with snakebite envenomation is essential for timely diagnosis, adequate treatment and prevention. More research is needed to advance our knowledge in this area and improve patient outcomes.