ASSESSMENT OF THE RISKS OF PERINATAL ASPHIXIA IN DELIVERIES WITH PREGNANT WOMEN IN ECLAMPSIA

Abstract

Perinatal asphyxia is a critical condition that can occur during the birth process and is related to a series of risk factors. One of these risk factors is eclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures and high blood pressure. Eclampsia can negatively affect fetal oxygenation during labor, thereby increasing the risk of perinatal asphyxia. Objective: to analyze studies published in the last 10 years that investigated the risks of perinatal asphyxia in births with pregnant women diagnosed with eclampsia. We will seek to identify the main risk factors, evaluate prevention strategies and interventions carried out to minimize the occurrence of perinatal asphyxia in this context. Methodology: based on the PRISMA checklist, this systematic review included studies published in the last 10 years (from 2013 to 2023) and was carried out using the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. The descriptors used were: "perinatal asphyxia", "eclampsia", "childbirth", "pregnant women" and "risk factors". The inclusion criteria were: studies that investigated the relationship between eclampsia and perinatal asphyxia, studies that evaluated the risk factors associated with perinatal asphyxia in pregnant women with eclampsia and studies published in the last 10 years. Exclusion criteria were: studies that were not available in full text, studies that did not specifically focus on the relationship between eclampsia and perinatal asphyxia, studies that were not available in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Results: 15 articles were selected. This systematic literature review indicates that eclampsia is associated with an increased risk of perinatal asphyxia. The main risk factors identified include the severity of eclampsia, the presence of maternal complications and multiple gestation. Furthermore, interventions such as continuous fetal monitoring and emergency cesarean section in severe cases of eclampsia have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of perinatal asphyxia. Conclusion: assessing the risks of perinatal asphyxia in births involving pregnant women with eclampsia is a critical concern for maternal and fetal health. This systematic literature review highlighted the importance of identifying risk factors, as well as the effectiveness of specific interventions in reducing the risk of perinatal asphyxia in this context. Knowledge of this information can guide clinical practice and contribute to improving perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with eclampsia.