NEPHRITIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: CLINICAL EVALUATION

Abstract

SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and systems in the body, including the kidneys. When this pathology manifests itself in the kidneys as a nephritic syndrome, it can have profound implications for the health and quality of life of affected children. Clinical assessment plays a fundamental role in the detection and adequate treatment of nephritic syndrome in children with SLE. The characteristic symptoms of this condition include hematuria (presence of blood in the urine), proteinuria (excretion of proteins in the urine), edema (swelling) and high blood pressure. Objective: to comprehensively analyze studies and research that address the clinical assessment of nephritic syndrome in children with SLE. Methodology: The methodology adopted for the systematic literature review was based on the PRISMA checklist. The databases used were PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science. For the selection of studies, the following inclusion criteria based on the PRISMA checklist were applied: Original studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were included, such as clinical trials, observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which addressed nephritic syndrome in children diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Case reports and studies not published in English or Portuguese were excluded. The literature search was conducted according to the English descriptors related to the topic, which included "Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic," "Nephritic Syndrome," "Children," "Clinical Evaluation," and "Pediatrics." Results: 10 articles were selected. The review identified a variety of diagnostic methods used to evaluate nephritic syndrome in children with SLE, including laboratory tests, such as urine protein measurement and urinary sediment analysis, and imaging tests, such as renal ultrasound. These methods play a crucial role in early identification of this condition. Immunosuppressive therapies, such as corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents, have been widely used to control the autoimmune response affecting the kidneys. Controlling blood pressure and managing symptoms, such as edema, were also important aspects of treatment. Conclusion: The synthesis of results revealed the complexity of nephritic syndrome in children with SLE and the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation and appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are crucial to prevent serious kidney damage. The review reinforced the need for a multidisciplinary approach and additional research to improve the understanding and management of this condition, aiming to improve the quality of life of affected children.