CERVICAL CANCER: COVERAGE AND ADHERENCE TO PAP SMEAR SCREENING IN THE STATE OF BAHIA

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is an important public health problem, despite being a potentially preventable and early-detectable neoplasm. It is mainly associated with persistent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), and adequate screening contributes to reducing its incidence and mortality. In this context, cervical cytopathological examination, known as the Pap smear, represents one of the main strategies for identifying precursor lesions. However, screening coverage and adherence may be influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors, as well as access to health services. Objectives: To analyze the coverage and adherence to cervical cancer screening through Pap smear testing in the state of Bahia, identifying factors associated with undergoing the examination. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted using the Medline and LILACS databases, employing MeSH and DeCS descriptors combined with Boolean operators. Articles published between 2020 and 2025, in Portuguese and English, addressing cervical cancer screening and Pap smear testing were included. Duplicate, incomplete studies and those without a direct relationship to the proposed topic were excluded. Results and Discussion: Evidence indicates that inequalities in screening coverage and adherence persist, mainly related to socioeconomic vulnerability, low educational attainment, difficulties in accessing health services, and low risk perception. Health education strategies, active outreach, and follow-up may increase women's participation in screening. Conclusion: Expanding Pap smear screening coverage and adherence is essential to strengthen cervical cancer prevention and early diagnosis in Bahia.