DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, highly prevalent in childhood, characterized by intense itching, xerosis, and recurrent eczematous lesions, with a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. This study aimed to analyze the main diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients, as well as its clinical and psychosocial repercussions. This is an integrative literature review conducted in the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, including studies published between 2021 and 2026. Nineteen studies were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. The results showed that the disease is associated with sleep disorders, impaired school performance, emotional distress, and significant burden on family members and caregivers. The diagnosis was predominantly clinical, and can be complemented by validated instruments such as SCORAD, EASI, and POEM. Regarding treatment, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and emollients remained the mainstays of therapy, while immunobiologics and Janus kinase inhibitors showed promising results in moderate to severe cases. Evidence regarding the use of probiotics and microbiome-based therapies remained inconclusive. It is concluded that the management of pediatric atopic dermatitis requires a comprehensive and individualized approach, combining early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and strategies that promote therapeutic adherence, aiming to improve disease control and the quality of life of patients.