IMPACT OF NEONATAL SCREENING ON THE REDUCTION OF MORTALITY FROM HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES IN BRAZIL: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, PUBLIC POLICIES, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH EDUCATION

Abstract

This article sought to discuss the impact of hemoglobinopathies as a significant public health problem in Brazil, with emphasis on sickle cell anemia, whose national average incidence is estimated at approximately 1:1,000 live births and may vary according to the ethnic composition of different regions of the country. The study addresses the incorporation of these diseases into the National Neonatal Screening Program (PNTN), implemented in 2001, highlighting the structural changes promoted in healthcare, such as early diagnosis. In addition, the study analyzes evidence indicating a reduction in infant mortality due to sickle cell disease, estimated between 20% and 30% in regions where the program has greater coverage. Thus, the research evaluates epidemiological data and discusses the educational and intersectoral implications of this public policy, highlighting its importance for improving quality of life and reducing complications associated with hemoglobinopathies in the Brazilian context.