FROM PROTECTIONISM TO INTEGRATION: WHAT CHANGES WITH THE MERCOSUR–EU AGREEMENT FOR SPECIAL CUSTOMS REGIME

Abstract

This article analyzes the impacts of the Mercosur–European Union Agreement on the use and relevance of special customs regimes in Brazil, with a focus on the automotive sector. The research adopts a qualitative, bibliographic, and documentary approach, based on scientific articles, official documents, institutional studies, and specialized publications on international trade, economic integration, and customs regimes. The results indicate that the agreement tends to expand trade openness, reduce tariffs, intensify international competition, and impose new regulatory requirements, such as rules of origin, sustainability standards, and productive traceability. In the automotive sector, these effects are especially relevant due to its dependence on imported parts, inputs, and technologies. It is also observed that trade liberalization does not eliminate the need for mechanisms of control and cost reduction. It is concluded that regimes such as drawback, RECOF, and customs warehousing should not fall into disuse after the full implementation of the agreement, but rather undergo a functional adaptation, remaining strategic instruments for competitiveness, productive control, and international insertion.