SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON HEALTH

Abstract

Introduction: Social inequalities are fundamental determinants of the health-disease process, influencing access to services, exposure to risks, and the living conditions of populations. In Brazil, these inequalities are reflected in regional, economic, and educational disparities that directly impact health indicators. Objective: To analyze the impacts of social inequalities on population health, highlighting their main effects on access, quality of care, and health outcomes. Methodology: This is a systematic literature review, conducted in national databases, including relevant studies published between 2021 and 2026. Results and discussion: The findings show that populations in situations of social vulnerability have a higher prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases and preventable health problems, as well as barriers to timely and equitable access to health services. Determinants such as low income, limited education, inadequate housing, and lack of basic sanitation intensify health inequities, amplify territorial and social inequalities, and contribute to the overburdening of health systems. Conclusion: It is concluded that addressing social inequalities is essential to guarantee equity in health, requiring intersectoral public policies, strengthening the Unified Health System (SUS), and structural actions. Multiprofessional collaboration is a key element in building integrated responses capable of promoting lasting social transformations.