FORENSIC FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION AS A METHOD OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION: A LITERATURA REVIEW

Abstract

Forensic Facial Reconstruction (FFR) is a critical tool for human identification in cases where traditional methods fail, such as with decomposed, charred, or severely damaged remains. By combining scientific knowledge, this technique reconstructs facial features from skeletal structures, serving both criminal investigations and anthropological studies. Additionally, family-based identifications are often compromised by emotional biases, necessitating protocols to minimize errors. Comparative studies highlight the advantages of 3D approaches in cost, time, and anatomical accuracy, although traditional methods still have applications in diverse forensic contexts. This article, based on a literature review from databases like PubMed and Scielo, analyzes the evolution of FFR, its technical challenges, and psychological implications. It proposes integrating emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and morphometric databases, to overcome limitations in complex cases (e.g., carbonization, extreme degradation). The study concludes that standardizing methods and adopting technological innovations can enhance FFR reliability, solidifying its essential role in forensic medicine, anthropology, and disaster response. The research emphasizes the need for future studies that combine scientific precision, cultural sensitivity, and operational accessibility.