ROLE OF FORENSIC DENTISTRY AND ANTHROPOLOGY IN HUMAN IDENTIFICATION

Abstract

Forensic dentistry is a field that plays an essential role in the identification of individuals, especially in tragedies, using techniques such as palatal rugae, sialochemistry, and dental records. This study reviews the literature on forensic dentistry and anthropology in human identification, addressing its technical relevance and practical application. The research was conducted in databases such as SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS from 2020 to 2025, employing descriptors such as "Forensic Dentistry" and "Human Identification," refined with the connectors "AND" and "E." The analyzed studies demonstrate the growing integration between forensic dentistry and anthropology, driven by technological advances such as tomography, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence, emphasizing that standardized protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration are fundamental to improving the accuracy of methods. Forensic dentistry proves to be crucial in victim identification, especially in complex cases, with dental DNA serving as a valuable tool for post-mortem comparisons, although the irregular preservation of records remains a global challenge. It is concluded that investing in digitization and professional training will strengthen the field, allowing forensic dentistry, in conjunction with anthropology, to enhance human identification and contribute significantly to investigations.