IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DENGUE IN BRAZIL: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue is an arbovirus with four serotypes (DENV1–4) prevalent in tropical regions, with Brazil as the main endemic focus. Its manifestations range from mild symptoms to severe hemorrhagic forms, and can affect multiple organs. The immunity developed can be homotypic (long-lasting) or heterotypic (transient), depending on the serotype involved. Objective: This integrative review study seeks to understand the immunological mechanisms of dengue and the different types of immunity developed. Method: Literature review in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Lilacs databases (2019-2024), in English, Portuguese and Spanish, with the theme “Immune Memory and Immunological Control of Dengue in Brazil”. Result: Thirteen articles that demonstrated the relationship between host immunity and disease severity were included. Reinfections by different serotypes aggravate symptoms, facilitating phagocyte infection and antibody-dependent enhancement. Biomarkers such as IL-1RA, IL-8 and ferritin were associated with severity. ELISA DENV-1-E and DENV-3-E tests were indicated for serological diagnosis. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to understand the correlation between serotypes and duration of immunity, which are essential for dengue prevention, surveillance and treatment strategies.