LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS SYSTEMICUS: MULTISYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS, THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES, AND THEIR CHALLENGES

Abstract

This article sought to analyze the manifestations, approaches, and challenges of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). This is a chronic, multifactorial autoimmune disease, with varied symptoms, from mild skin manifestations to severe complications. With advances in immunology, diagnosis and treatment have evolved, especially the detection of antibodies such as anti-DNA and anti-Sm. The complexity of SLE, which involves genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors, makes early diagnosis difficult, often resulting in irreversible organ damage. The management of the disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, considering the interaction between several factors. Treatment varies according to the severity of symptoms, and may include antimalarials, immunosuppressants, and monoclonal antibodies. In addition, patients' quality of life is affected by psychological challenges and serious complications, such as cardiovascular and kidney problems, which require continuous monitoring.