NEONATAL SEPSIS: DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, particularly in preterm infants. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial for improving clinical outcomes. Antimicrobial resistance and the implementation of advanced diagnostic methods are current challenges in treatment. Objective: The objective of this literature review is to analyze the diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for neonatal sepsis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 2009 to 2024. Inclusion criteria were original studies and reviews focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neonatal sepsis, published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Initially, 1,500 articles were identified, resulting in 25 studies included in the review after screening and full-text analysis. Results and Discussion: Early diagnosis using biomarkers such as CRP and procalcitonin, along with molecular methods like PCR, shows promise in improving the detection of neonatal sepsis. However, antimicrobial resistance is increasing, requiring new therapies and the rational use of antibiotics. Preventive practices, such as intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, hand hygiene, breastfeeding, and kangaroo care, are effective in reducing the incidence of sepsis. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, targeted antimicrobial management, and preventive practices are essential to reduce neonatal mortality. Continuous research is crucial to developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, especially in resource-limited settings.