REFEEDING SYNDROME: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This article sought to investigate the epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of refeeding syndrome (RS), a serious metabolic disorder that occurs after the rapid reintroduction of nutrients in malnourished patients. The methodology employed included a narrative literature review based on nine articles published in recent years, covering clinical studies and reviews that explore the main risk factors and management strategies for RS. The main findings indicate that the incidence of RS is high in critically ill patients, with severe electrolyte disturbances such as hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia being the most frequent complications. The study also highlighted the importance of early diagnosis and rigorous electrolyte screening within the first 48 to 72 hours after the start of refeeding. In addition, the gradual reintroduction of nutrients, accompanied by prophylactic supplementation of phosphorus and thiamine, was identified as an essential measure to reduce severe RS complications. It is concluded that, despite advances in management practices, there are still challenges in diagnosis and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings. Further studies are needed to standardize guidelines and improve outcomes in patients with RS.