CLINICAL USE OF GLP-1 ANALOGUES IN THE TREATMENT OF T2DM AND OBESITY: WHAT STAGE ARE WE AT?

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have established themselves as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and obesity, thanks to their ability to improve glycemic control and promote weight loss. These drugs work by increasing insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, inhibiting glucagon, delaying gastric emptying and inducing satiety. In addition to significantly reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, GLP-1 analogs have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits, such as a reduction in major adverse events. In obesity, these agents are superior to most of the available pharmacological options, leading to substantial weight loss and improving associated comorbidities. However, challenges such as high cost, subcutaneous administration and possible long-term adverse effects such as pancreatitis and thyroid cancer still limit their widespread adoption. Despite these obstacles, GLP-1 analogs already play a central role in the management of DM2 and obesity, and their clinical application continues to expand as more evidence emerges and accessibility improves.