GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition that requires strict glycemic control to prevent associated complications. This integrative review analyzed the relationship between glycemic control and cardiovascular complications in patients with T2DM. The results indicate that, although intensive glycemic control significantly reduces microvascular complications, its effects on macrovascular complications, especially cardiovascular complications, are more modest and vary according to patient characteristics. Medications such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists have shown additional benefits in reducing cardiovascular events. The therapeutic approach should be personalized, considering factors such as age, duration of diabetes, and presence of comorbidities. Individualization of treatment and the inclusion of new therapeutic agents are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Future research should focus on personalized therapeutic strategies and the exploration of new medications.