ANAPHYLAXIS: FROM EARLY DIAGNOSIS TO THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Anaphylaxis is an acute, systemic, and potentially fatal allergic reaction characterized by the massive release of inflammatory mediators by mast cells and basophils. Early diagnosis is essential and is based on the identification of clinical signs such as urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, bronchospasm, and gastrointestinal symptoms after exposure to a known or suspected allergen. Evaluation includes measurement of serum tryptase and investigation of specific allergic triggers. Immediate therapeutic management involves administration of intramuscular epinephrine, ventilatory and hemodynamic support, and the use of antihistamines and corticosteroids as adjunctive therapies. Patient education on allergen avoidance and the use of epinephrine autoinjectors is crucial to prevent recurrences. Thus, an integrated approach, which includes rapid diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions, is essential for the survival and quality of life of patients with anaphylaxis.