CANNABIDIOL IN THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: EVIDENCE, SAFETY, AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of progressive dementia in older adults, characterized by cognitive and functional decline and the absence of an established cure. In this context, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa, has attracted scientific interest due to its potential neuroprotective and modulatory effects on neurobiological processes. This study analyzed the therapeutic potential of CBD in AD, considering its clinical effects, safety, limitations, and therapeutic perspectives. An integrative literature review with a descriptive and qualitative approach was conducted using the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, including articles published between 2016 and 2026 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The studies demonstrated promising physiological and molecular effects, including changes in hippocampal perfusion and modulation of mechanisms related to neuronal plasticity and oxidative stress. However, limitations were identified regarding its cytoprotective effects against amyloid, the scarcity of robust clinical trials, and risks associated with polypharmacy in older adults. Therefore, despite its biological plausibility and promising preclinical results, current clinical evidence remains insufficient to confirm its efficacy and safety in the treatment of AD.