WHAT BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS?

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescence is a period of intense biopsychosocial changes and increased vulnerability to the adoption of risk behaviors, including the use of psychoactive substances. In this context, the use of electronic cigarettes among adolescents has increased, emerging as a significant public health concern. Although often perceived as less harmful, these devices expose users to nicotine and other toxic substances, potentially causing adverse effects on both physical and mental health, as well as increasing the risk of nicotine dependence. Objective: To analyze the main biopsychosocial factors associated with electronic cigarette use among adolescents and its impacts on health. Methodology: This is a qualitative study conducted as a narrative literature review. The search was carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Google Scholar databases using Portuguese and English descriptors combined with Boolean operators. Studies published between 2014 and 2025, available in full text, and addressing adolescents were included. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that electronic cigarette use is associated with factors such as peer influence, curiosity, low risk perception, and the attractiveness of these devices. Biological impacts include impaired brain development; psychological consequences include anxiety and depression; and social factors include environmental influence and easy access to these products. The review also highlights the concurrent use of multiple tobacco products and the increased risk of nicotine dependence. Final Considerations: Electronic cigarette use among adolescents is a multifactorial phenomenon with significant health implications. There is a clear need for intersectoral prevention strategies involving schools, families, healthcare professionals, and public policies to reduce use and promote adolescent health.